Three-dimensional turbulent Kolmogorov flow
This paper focuses on the Clean Numerical Simulation (CNS) of a three-dimensional (3D) turbulent Kolmogorov flow. By comparing the CNS benchmark solution with Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) result, the study reveals that the spatial-temporal trajectories given by DNS are often polluted by numerical noise rather quickly, which significantly influences the spatial symmetry and energy cascade of the flow field.
For more details, please see Physics of Fluids (2025), 37(10), 105160